Genesis:
:

XV XVI .: -





,

119334, , . , . , 16/31, . 207

Stepanova Iuliia

PhD in History

Associate Professor, Tver State University

119334, Russia, Tver, Trekhsvyatskaya str., 16/31, office 207

m000142@mail.ru


,

170100, , , . , . , 16/31, . 207

Gavrilov Pavel Vladimirovich

Postgraduate student, Tver State University

170100, Russia, Tverskaya oblast', g. Tver', ul. Trekhsvyatskaya, 16/31, of. 207

pashagavrilov98@mail.ru


,

171360, , , . , . , 38

Kutakov Sergei Sergeevich

Senior Scientific Associate, Tver State United Museum

171360, Russia, Tverskaya oblast', g. Staritsa, ul. Volodarskogo, 38

k_sergei_s@mail.ru

DOI:

10.25136/2409-868X.2021.12.36128

:

19-07-2021

:

31-12-2021

: , . 1498/99 ., . . XVIII . , - . , - . - , . . , . , , - XVI . XV XVI .


:

, , , , , , , , ,

, 20-09-00278.

Abstract: This article provides the results of research of the territorial arrangement of the largest volost of Udomlya, which belonged to the Novgorod Archbishop prior to Novgorod land was annexed by Moscow. The author conducts localization of the toponymy of volost in accordance to the cadastre of 1498/99, which contained the characteristics of pogosts and dozens volosts. The article leans on the geoinformation technologies. For localization of settlements, the author linked the borders of land dachas and toponymy of the Economic Notes of the late XVIII century. This described the territory of the volost compactly located in northwestern Tver Region of Bezhetskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod land. This article is first to localize the territory of the volost of Udomlya located in northwestern Tver Region of Bezhetskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod land. Characteristic is given to the territories of pogost districts and dozens the volost was divided. The author clarifies the location of the centers of pogosts; most densely populated areas were in the basin of lakes Udomlya and Pesvo and the rivers Sezha and Volchina. It is established that volost included two pogosts – Spassky and Ilyinsky, which ceased to exist as pogost districts by the mid XVI century. The settlement pattern of dozens testifies to the gradual disintegration of the decimar system in volost by the late XV – early XVI centuries.

Keywords:

historical geography, Middle Ages, Novgorod land, parish, volost', settlement, landowning, archbishop, GIS, decimal system

. . , .

XV – XVIII . , – , – , – .

- . . XIX . , [14]. , - , – .

. . . [1; 2]. , XV ., XVI . , XV – XVI ., 1613 . , , . . . , XV – XVI . , , . 1501 . , [2, . 203-204].

1478 . , III: « 10 … 50 » [16, . 319].

. IX-XIII . , , . II . .. . ( . , . ) [8; 13]. «». , , .

, , , , . , , , , . 789 902 – , [27]. . . , . [7, . 54]. , .

[22]. , 1498/99 . 1560- . , [2; 14, XII, . 332]. , XV - XVI . - , .

– (. 1).

. . . . . , 1498/1499 . [15]. , , . , . , , , , , ; . - – .

(. 1). . . , , . .

1545 . . . . . , , -, [10]. 1551 . . . , , « », [11]. , . XV-XVII ., . [3; 5] [23]. -. QGIS. XVIII-XIX . , 1770- . [21] XIX ., . . [20]. XVIII . [26]. XVIII . XV-XVI . . , XIX ., [4]. XVIII ., . , (. 2). , . . , . 1498/99 . . . , ( , ), , , . 1498/99 . 1545 . , - [19]. , , , , 1545 . - «» [9].

XVIII-XX . 63% , 1498/99 . : – 70%, – 67% . , – 56%, . 542 1502 « » 564 1781 – « ». . - , , , (. 1) , , – 1545 . [19]. 1150 . .

- 1498/99 . 1545 . 1498/99 ., , , , (. 3). . 1498/99 . . , . . [17, . 114]. , . , , . . 1551 . [11, . 648]. « » [11, . 649]. (1583 .), , [18, . 2]. , . , .

1498/1499 . « » « » . 1545 . « » 1551 ., -, [11, . 649]. , - -.

« », . 1498/99 . , « ». , «», , .

XV . , 1498/99 . , .. [12]. , XV – XVI . , , . , – . , , ( , ). , . , , . .. «», . 4 . , - – , – , – (. 4). , . , , . . . , , . , . , -, . [15, . 206]. – 300 . . 200 . . – 170 . . 60 . . , . , , , . . .

, . , , , . - - « 1500 .» [25, . 165]. - [24, . 146-147]. , - , 1498/99 .

, - 1498/1499 . -, 1498/1499 1551 . , , 1550- . , . , . , , . . , , , XV . 1551 . « », , . : « » [11, . 644]. 1560-1570- . [2]. , .


1. - 1498/99 .

- - - -

141 1320 7858 439

61

 1385 8105 438

67

48 1399,5 10010 467
66
17
(?)

154

 1657 8650 559,5

. 1. 1498/99 . .


. 2. 1770- . .


. 3. 1498/99 .


. 4. 1498/99 .



( , ) ( , ). . .

1.  .. // - . .: , . -, 1971. . 227-250.
2.  .. // - XVI . .: , . -, 1974. . 184-240.
3.  .. // 1496 1563 .: . ., 1930. . 1. . 269-270.
4.  . [ ]. URL: http:// boxpis.ru/svg/ ( 12.07.2021).
5.  .. XV XVII . ( ) // . ., 1956. . 5. . 231264.
6.  , , , // . . 1354. . 496.
7.  .. . // - . . . 7 / . . .. . .: , 2017. . 38-50.
8.  .. . .: , 1997. 302 .
9.  ( ) XV XVII . [ ]. URL: https://histgeo.nextgis.com/resource/2337/display?panel=layers&fbclid=IwAR1OO4g9dvwpW_MDpbqMCYNEXPMEYKN363YxNmR_nDGgoqWab0Juh-L35zs ( 12.07.2021).
10.  1545 . // , . .: . , 1910. . 6: . . 35-564.
11.  1551 . // , . .: . , 1910. . 6: . . 545-862.
12.  .. // : / . . .. , .. . .: , 2008. . 270-425.
13.  .. ( ) // . : . 2018. 4. . 127-146.
14.  .. XVI , / . VIII. ., 1853. 415 .
15.  // . . 1: 1490- . 1530- . / . . . . .: , 1999. . 145-238.
16. . . XXV ( ). .: , 2004. 488 .
17.  1576/77 . ( ) / . .. , .. . .; .: -, 2011. 280 .
18.  .. - XVII . : , 1903. 34 .
19.  .., .. 1545 . // - "". 2020. 11. . 9(95). [ ]. URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840012427-8-1/
20.  , 1848 1849 . .- . ., 1853.
21.  // . [ ]. URL: http://oldmaps.ru ( 12.07.2021).
22.  .. XV // . . 2003. 4 (14). . 76-77.
23.  .., .. ̆ ̆ ̆ . .; .: -, 2008. . 1.: . 369 .
24.  .. X XVII ( ) // . 2012. . 1. . 110-154.
25.  .. - // . 2008. . 11(21). . 151-165.
26.  1872 , // . . 1355. . 1. . 1689/13.
27.  .., .., .. ( 1997-2000 .). .: , 2004. . XI. 288 .
References
1. Abramovich G.V. Bezhetskaya pyatina // Agrarnaya istoriya Severo-Zapada Rossii. L.: Nauka, Leningr. otd-nie, 1971. S. 227-250.
2. Abramovich G.V. Bezhetskaya pyatina // Agrarnaya istoriya Severo-Zapada Rossii XVI veka. L.: Nauka, Leningr. otd-nie, 1974. S. 184-240.
3. Andriyashev A.M. Karta Obonezhskoi pyatiny s perechnem pogostov // Pistsovye knigi Obonezhskoi pyatiny 1496 i 1563 gg.: Materialy po istorii narodov SSSR. L., 1930. Vyp. 1. S. 269-270.
4. Arkhivnye karty. Obrabotka i predstavlenie arkhivnykh kart [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http:// boxpis.ru/svg/ (data obrashcheniya 12.07.2021).
5. Vitov M.V. Priemy sostavleniya kart poselenii XV XVII vv. po dannym pistsovykh i perepisnykh knig (na primere Shungskogo pogosta Obonezhskoi pyatiny) // Problemy istochnikovedeniya. M., 1956. T. 5. S. 231264.
6. General'nyi alfavit Bezhetskogo, Ves'egonskogo, Vyshnevolotskogo, Novotorzhskogo uezdov Tverskoi gubernii // RGADA. F. 1354. Op. 496.
7. Islanova I.V. Drevnerusskii arkheologicheskii kompleks Vorontsovo na r. Volchine // Arkheologiya Vladimiro-Suzdal'skoi zemli. Materialy nauchnogo seminara. Vyp. 7 / otv. Red. N.A. Makarov. M.: IA RAN, 2017. S. 38-50.
8. Islanova I.V. Udomel'skoe poozer'e v epokhu zheleza i rannego srednevekov'ya. M.: Editorial URSS, 1997. 302 s.
9. Istoricheskii atlas Bezhetskoi pyatiny (Tverskoi poloviny) kontsa XV XVII v. [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://histgeo.nextgis.com/resource/2337/display?panel=layers&fbclid=IwAR1OO4g9dvwpW_MDpbqMCYNEXPMEYKN363YxNmR_nDGgoqWab0Juh-L35zs (data obrashcheniya 12.07.2021).
10. Kniga 1545 g. // Novgorodskie pistsovye knigi, izdannye Imperatorskoi arkheograficheskoi komissiei. SPb.: Tip. Bezobrazova, 1910. T. 6: Knigi Bezhetskoi pyatiny. Stb. 35-564.
11. Kniga 1551 g. // Novgorodskie pistsovye knigi, izdannye Imperatorskoi arkheograficheskoi komissiei. SPb.: Tip. Bezobrazova, 1910. T. 6: Knigi Bezhetskoi pyatiny. Stb. 545-862.
12. Kuchkin V.A. Desyatskie i sotskie Drevnei Rusi // Drevnyaya Rus': ocherki politicheskogo i sotsial'nogo stroya / otv. Red. A.A. Gorskii, V.A. Kuchkin. M.: Indrik, 2008. S. 270-425.
13. Lagutkina E.V. Arkheologiya Udomel'skogo poozer'ya v kontekste istorii Novgorodskoi zemli (po materialam polevykh issledovanii Tverskogo gosuniversiteta) // Vestnik TvGU. Seriya: Istoriya. 2018. 4. S. 127-146.
14. Nevolin K.A. O pyatinakh i pogostakh novgorodskikh v XVI veke, s prilozheniem karty / Zapiski Imperatorskogo russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva. Knizhka VIII. SPb., 1853. 415 s.
15. Pistsovaya kniga Bezhetskoi pyatiny pis'ma Vasiliya Grigor'evicha Naumova i Semena Zakhar'ina syna Dyatlova // Pistsovye knigi Novgorodskoi zemli. T. 1: Novgorodskie pistsovye knigi 1490-kh gg. i otpisnye i obrochnye knigi prigorodnykh pozhen Novgorodskogo dvortsa 1530-kh gg. / Sost. K. V. Baranov. M.: Drevlekhranilishche, 1999. S. 145-238.
16. PSRL. T. XXV (Moskovskii letopisnyi svod). M.: Yazyki slavyanskoi kul'tury, 2004. 488 s.
17. Prikhodnaya kniga novgorodskogo Doma Svyatoi Sofii 1576/77 g. (Kniga zapisi sofiiskoi poshliny) / sost. I.Yu. Ankudinov, A.A. Frolov. M.; SPB.: Al'yans-Arkheo, 2011. 280 s.
18. Rubtsov M.V. K istorii Udomel'skago Troitskago Ioanno-Bogoslovskago monastyrya v XVII veke. Tver': Tipografiya gubernskogo pravleniya, 1903. 34 s.
19. Stepanova Yu.V., Gavrilov P.V. Lokalizatsiya pogostov Tverskoi poloviny Bezhetskoi pyatiny po dannym pistsovoi knigi 1545 G. // Elektronnyi nauchno-obrazovatel'nyi zhurnal "Istoriya". 2020. Tom 11. Vyp. 9(95). [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840012427-8-1/
20. Topograficheskii mezhevoi atlas Tverskoi gubernii, sostavlennyi v 1848 i 1849 gg. chlenami mezhevogo korpusa i topografii voennogo vedomstva pod nablyudeniem gen.-maiora Mende. M., 1853.
21. Uezdnyi plan Vyshnevolotskogo uezda // Starye karty. [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://oldmaps.ru (data obrashcheniya 12.07.2021).
22. Frolov A.A. O konfiskatsiyakh votchin novgorodskogo vladyki i monastyrei v poslednei chetverti XV veka // Drevnyaya Rus'. Voprosy medievistiki. 2003. 4 (14). S. 76-77.
23. Frolov A.A., Piotukh N.V. Istoricheskiĭ atlas Derevskoĭ pyatiny Novgorodskoĭ zemli. M.; SPb.: Al'yans-Arkheo, 2008. T. 1.: Issledovaniya i tablitsy. 369 s.
24. Frolov A.A. Administrativnaya sistema tsentral'nykh raionov Novgorodskoi zemli v X nachale XVII veka (v kontekste istorii territorial'nykh yurisdiktsii) // Istoricheskaya geografiya. 2012. T. 1. S. 110-154.
25. Frolov A.A. Novyi vzglyad na territorial'no-administrativnuyu sistemu zemel' Gospodina Velikogo Novgoroda // Novgorodskii istoricheskii sbornik. 2008. Vyp. 11(21). S. 151-165.
26. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya na 1872 dachi, alfavity dach i vladel'tsev // RGADA. F. 1355. Op. 1. D. 1689/13.
27. Yanin V.L., Zaliznyak A.A., Gippius A.A. Novgorodskie gramoty na bereste (iz raskopok 1997-2000 gg.). M.: Russkie slovari, 2004. T. XI. 288 s.

"-".
.
.

- - . - , . , , - .
, XV - XVI . - , .
, , , , . , -.
: - . .
: 27 . , . .. , .. , .. , . , , : . , , .
, , , , , , - . , .
, , , . , , , . , -, 1498/1499 1551 ., , , 1550- ., , . , - .
, - 1498/1499 .
, 4 , , , .
: , .
, , , Genesis: .

QR

QR-