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Психология и Психотехника
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Коняев С.Н., Султанова М.А.
Бион, Юнг, Фрейд: сходство и различие психоаналитических концепций
// Психология и Психотехника.
2013. № 8.
С. 759-776.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.9129 URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=9129
Бион, Юнг, Фрейд: сходство и различие психоаналитических концепций
Коняев Сергей Николаевич
кандидат физико-математических наук
Старший научный сотрудник, Институт философии РАН
109240, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Гончарная, 12
Konyaev Sergei Nikolaevich
PhD in Physics and Mathematics
109240, Russia, g. Moscow, ul. Goncharnaya, 12
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snk-05@mail.ru
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Султанова Мира Альтафовна
кандидат философских наук
Старший научный сотрудник, Институт философии Российской академии наук
119991, г. Москва, ул. Волхонка, д. 14/1, стр. 5, комн. 432.
Sultanova Mira Al'tafovna
PhD in Philosophy
121309, Russia, Moskovskaya oblast', g. Moscow, ul. Barklaya, 17
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countercultmira@yandex.ru
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DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.9129
Дата направления статьи в редакцию:
18-12-1969
Дата публикации:
1-4.36363636364-2013
Аннотация:
Настоящая статья американского аналитика Джона Роузгранта посвящена аналитическому обзору трудов ведущих теоретиков и практиков психоанализа – Биона, Юнга и Фрейда. Автор ставит целью выяснить то, что в их трудах общее, а что их резко отличает. В частности, он пишет, что Бион и Юнг одинаково предпочитают романтически/коллективистский подход в терапевтической практике, отвергая классически/ индивидуальный. В то время как Фрейд стремится пользоваться обоими подходами. Сам автор стоит на стороне Биона и Юнга, которые убеждены, что романтический метод, применяемый в терапии, мог бы дать больше возможности, чтобы вывести пациента из состояния застоя и помочь ему в его развитии. Фрейд, как и Бакан, настаивают на важном значении сочетания обоих подходов и для полноты человеческой жизни, и для терапии пациента. Отдельный раздел статьи автор посвящает архетипам Юнга, который считает, что архетип – это независимый источник энергии, спонтанный, объективно существующий неотличимый от богов. Фрейд и Юнг одинаково считали, что боги созданы проекциями духа (psyche). Но если Фрейд считал, что боги – это проекция желаний и страхов, накопленных человеком в течение жизни, то Юнг был убежден, что боги – это сверхличностная сила, не связанная с личным опытом, а исходящая из духа (psyche).
Ключевые слова:
психоанализ, Бион, Юнг, Фрейд, терапия, аналитик, пациент, архетипы, свободные ассоциации, коллективное бессознательное
Библиография
1. ADORNO, T.W., FRENKEL-BRUNSVVIK, E., LEVINSON, D.J., & SANFORD, R.N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Norton.
2. AUDEN, W.H. (1939). In memory of Sigmund Freud. In Selected Poems of W.H. Auden. New York: Modern Library, 1958, pp. 54-58.
3. BACH, S. (1998). Two ways of being. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 8:657-673.
4. BAKAN, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Commu¬nion in Western Man. Boston: Beacon Press.
5. BERGMANN, M. (1993). Reflections on the history of psychoanalysis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 41:929-955.
6. BERGMANN, M. (1997). The historical roots of psychoanalytic orthodoxy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 78:69-86.
7. BION, W.R. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psycho¬analysis 40:308-315.
8. BION, W.R. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Heinemann.
9. BION, W.R. (1963). Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: Heinemann.
10. BION, W.R. (1965). Transformations. London: Heinemann.
11. BION, W.R. (1970). Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
12. BLEANDONU, G. (1994). Wilfred Bion: His Life and Works 1897-1979. New York: Other Press.
13. BROWN, L.J. (2009). Bion's ego psychology: Implications for an intersubjective view of psychic structure. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 78:27-55.
14. CASEMENT, A. (2010). Sonu Shamdasani interviewed by Ann Casement. Journal of Analytical Psychology 55:35-49.
15. CULBERT-KOEHN, J. (2009). Classical Jung meets Klein and Bion. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 10:443-455.
16. DEHING, J. (1994). Containment—an archetype? Meaning of madness in Jung and Bion. Journal of Analytical Psychology 39:419-461.
17. ELLENBERGER, H.R (1970). The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
18. ELLMAN, S.J., ED. (1991). Freud's Technique Papers: A Contemporary Perspective. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
19. FAIRBAIRN, W.R.D. (1963). Synopsis of an object-relations theory of the personality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 44:224-225.
20. FERRO, A. (2002). Superego transformations through the analyst's capacity for reverie. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 71:477-501.
21. FERRO, A. (2003). Marcella: The transition from explosive sensoriality to the ability to think. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 72:183-200.
22. FERRO, A. (2005). Which reality in the psychoanalytic session? Psychoanalytic Quarterly 74:421-442.
23. FERRO, A. (2006). Trauma, reverie, and the field. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 75:1045-1056.
24. FERRO, A., & BASILE, R. (2004). The psychoanalyst as individual: Self-analysis and gradients of functioning. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 73:659-682.
25. FREUD, S. (1907). Delusions and dreams in Jensen's Gradiva. Standard Edition 9:7-95.
26. FREUD, S. (1911). Formulations on the two principles of mental functioning. Standard Edition 12:218-226.
27. FREUD, S. (1912). The dynamics of transference. Standard Edition 12: 99-108.
28. FREUD, S. (1912-1913). Totem and taboo. Standard Edition 13:1-161.
29. FREUD, S. (1915). Observations on transference-love. Standard Edition 12:159-171. FREUD, S. (1916-1917). Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. Standard Edition 15/16.
30. FREUD, S. (1927). Civilization and its discontents. Standard Edition 21:64-145.
31. GEDO, J.E. (1981). The air trembles, for demi-gods draw near. American Imago 38:61-80.
32. GODSIL, G. (2005). Reflections on death and mourning in relation to Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend. Journal of Analytical Psychology 50:469-481.
33. HILLMAN, J. (1977). Correspondence. Journal of Analytical Psychology 22:59.
34. HORNE, M., SOWA, A., & ISENMAN, D. (2000). Philosophical assumptions in Freud, Jung, and Bion: Questions of causality. Journal of Analytical Psychology 45:109-121.
35. JUNG. C.G. (1911). Symbols of transformation. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 5. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
36. JUNG, C.G. (1916). Psychoanalysis and neurosis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 4, pp. 243-251. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961.
37. JUNG, C.G. (1917). On the psychology of the unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 7, pp. 1-119. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.
38. JUNG, C.G. (I934a). Archetypes of the collective unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part I, pp. 3-41. Princeton: Princeton Univesity Press, 1981.
39. JUNG, C.G. (1934b). The development of the personality. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 17, pp. 165-186. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
40. JUNG, C.G. (I934c). The practical use of dream analysis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 16, pp. 133-161. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.
41. JUNG, C.G. (I938a). Psychological aspects of the mother archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 75-110. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
42. JUNG, C.G. (I938b). Psychology and religion: West and east. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 11, pp. 3-105. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
43. JUNG, C.G. (1940). The psychology of the child archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 151-181. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
44. JUNG, C.G. (1944). Psychology and alchemy. In The Collected Works of C.G.Jung. Vol. 12. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.
45. JUNG, C.G. (1951). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part II. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
46. JUNG, C.G. (1952). Synchronicity: An acausal connecting principle. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 8, pp. 417-519. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
47. JUNG, C.G. (1955). Mandalas. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 387-390. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
48. JUNG, C.G. (1955-1956). Mysterium coniunctionis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 14. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
49. JUNG, C.G. (1961). Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Random House.
50. JUNG, C.G. (2009). The Red Book. New York: Norton.
51. KERR, J. (1993). A Most Dangerous Method. New York: Vintage Books.
52. KOHUT, H. (1984). How Does Analysis Cure? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
53. LOMBARDI, R. (2008). Time, music, and reverie. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 56:1191-1211.
54. McGuiRE, W, ED. (1974). The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C.G. Jung. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
55. MELTZER, D. (1978). The clinical significance of the work of Bion. In The Kleinian Development. Perthshire: Clunie Press, pp. 270-396.
56. O'SHAUGNESSY, E. (2005). Whose Bion? International Journal of Psychoanalysis 86:1523-1528.
57. POTIK, D. (2010). Possessive objects and paralyzing moods. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 79:687-715.
58. ROSEGRANT, J. (2001). The psychoanalytic play state. Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis 10:323-343.
59. ROSEGRANT, J. (2005). The therapeutic effects of the free-associative state of consciousness. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 74:737-766.
60. SAYERS, J. (2004). Transforming at-one-ment: Speilrein, Jung, Bion. Psychoanalysis & History 6:37-55. SHAMDASANI, S. (2004). Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology: The Dream of a Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
61. SHIELDS, W. (2009). Imaginative literature and Bion's intersubjective theory of thinking. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 78:559-586.
62. SLOCHOWER, H. (1981). Freud as Yahweh in Jung's "Answer to Job." American Imago 38:3-39.
63. STEVENS, V (2010). Bion, Klein, and Freud. In When Theories Touch, ed. S.J. Ellman. London: Karnac Books, pp. 521-540.
64. SULLIVAN, B.S. (2009). The Mystery of Analytical Work: Weavings from Jung and Bion. London: Routledge. SUMMERS, F. (2011). Psychoanalysis: Romantic, not wild. Psychoanalytic Psychology 28:13-32.
65. WILLIAMS, S. (2006). Analytic intuition: A meeting place for Jung and Bion.
References
1. ADORNO, T.W., FRENKEL-BRUNSVVIK, E., LEVINSON, D.J., & SANFORD, R.N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Norton.
2. AUDEN, W.H. (1939). In memory of Sigmund Freud. In Selected Poems of W.H. Auden. New York: Modern Library, 1958, pp. 54-58.
3. BACH, S. (1998). Two ways of being. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 8:657-673.
4. BAKAN, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Commu¬nion in Western Man. Boston: Beacon Press.
5. BERGMANN, M. (1993). Reflections on the history of psychoanalysis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 41:929-955.
6. BERGMANN, M. (1997). The historical roots of psychoanalytic orthodoxy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 78:69-86.
7. BION, W.R. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psycho¬analysis 40:308-315.
8. BION, W.R. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Heinemann.
9. BION, W.R. (1963). Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: Heinemann.
10. BION, W.R. (1965). Transformations. London: Heinemann.
11. BION, W.R. (1970). Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
12. BLEANDONU, G. (1994). Wilfred Bion: His Life and Works 1897-1979. New York: Other Press.
13. BROWN, L.J. (2009). Bion's ego psychology: Implications for an intersubjective view of psychic structure. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 78:27-55.
14. CASEMENT, A. (2010). Sonu Shamdasani interviewed by Ann Casement. Journal of Analytical Psychology 55:35-49.
15. CULBERT-KOEHN, J. (2009). Classical Jung meets Klein and Bion. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 10:443-455.
16. DEHING, J. (1994). Containment—an archetype? Meaning of madness in Jung and Bion. Journal of Analytical Psychology 39:419-461.
17. ELLENBERGER, H.R (1970). The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
18. ELLMAN, S.J., ED. (1991). Freud's Technique Papers: A Contemporary Perspective. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
19. FAIRBAIRN, W.R.D. (1963). Synopsis of an object-relations theory of the personality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 44:224-225.
20. FERRO, A. (2002). Superego transformations through the analyst's capacity for reverie. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 71:477-501.
21. FERRO, A. (2003). Marcella: The transition from explosive sensoriality to the ability to think. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 72:183-200.
22. FERRO, A. (2005). Which reality in the psychoanalytic session? Psychoanalytic Quarterly 74:421-442.
23. FERRO, A. (2006). Trauma, reverie, and the field. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 75:1045-1056.
24. FERRO, A., & BASILE, R. (2004). The psychoanalyst as individual: Self-analysis and gradients of functioning. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 73:659-682.
25. FREUD, S. (1907). Delusions and dreams in Jensen's Gradiva. Standard Edition 9:7-95.
26. FREUD, S. (1911). Formulations on the two principles of mental functioning. Standard Edition 12:218-226.
27. FREUD, S. (1912). The dynamics of transference. Standard Edition 12: 99-108.
28. FREUD, S. (1912-1913). Totem and taboo. Standard Edition 13:1-161.
29. FREUD, S. (1915). Observations on transference-love. Standard Edition 12:159-171. FREUD, S. (1916-1917). Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. Standard Edition 15/16.
30. FREUD, S. (1927). Civilization and its discontents. Standard Edition 21:64-145.
31. GEDO, J.E. (1981). The air trembles, for demi-gods draw near. American Imago 38:61-80.
32. GODSIL, G. (2005). Reflections on death and mourning in relation to Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend. Journal of Analytical Psychology 50:469-481.
33. HILLMAN, J. (1977). Correspondence. Journal of Analytical Psychology 22:59.
34. HORNE, M., SOWA, A., & ISENMAN, D. (2000). Philosophical assumptions in Freud, Jung, and Bion: Questions of causality. Journal of Analytical Psychology 45:109-121.
35. JUNG. C.G. (1911). Symbols of transformation. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 5. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
36. JUNG, C.G. (1916). Psychoanalysis and neurosis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 4, pp. 243-251. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961.
37. JUNG, C.G. (1917). On the psychology of the unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 7, pp. 1-119. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.
38. JUNG, C.G. (I934a). Archetypes of the collective unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part I, pp. 3-41. Princeton: Princeton Univesity Press, 1981.
39. JUNG, C.G. (1934b). The development of the personality. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 17, pp. 165-186. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
40. JUNG, C.G. (I934c). The practical use of dream analysis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 16, pp. 133-161. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.
41. JUNG, C.G. (I938a). Psychological aspects of the mother archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 75-110. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
42. JUNG, C.G. (I938b). Psychology and religion: West and east. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 11, pp. 3-105. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
43. JUNG, C.G. (1940). The psychology of the child archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 151-181. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
44. JUNG, C.G. (1944). Psychology and alchemy. In The Collected Works of C.G.Jung. Vol. 12. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.
45. JUNG, C.G. (1951). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part II. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
46. JUNG, C.G. (1952). Synchronicity: An acausal connecting principle. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 8, pp. 417-519. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
47. JUNG, C.G. (1955). Mandalas. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 387-390. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
48. JUNG, C.G. (1955-1956). Mysterium coniunctionis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 14. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
49. JUNG, C.G. (1961). Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Random House.
50. JUNG, C.G. (2009). The Red Book. New York: Norton.
51. KERR, J. (1993). A Most Dangerous Method. New York: Vintage Books.
52. KOHUT, H. (1984). How Does Analysis Cure? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
53. LOMBARDI, R. (2008). Time, music, and reverie. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 56:1191-1211.
54. McGuiRE, W, ED. (1974). The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C.G. Jung. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
55. MELTZER, D. (1978). The clinical significance of the work of Bion. In The Kleinian Development. Perthshire: Clunie Press, pp. 270-396.
56. O'SHAUGNESSY, E. (2005). Whose Bion? International Journal of Psychoanalysis 86:1523-1528.
57. POTIK, D. (2010). Possessive objects and paralyzing moods. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 79:687-715.
58. ROSEGRANT, J. (2001). The psychoanalytic play state. Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis 10:323-343.
59. ROSEGRANT, J. (2005). The therapeutic effects of the free-associative state of consciousness. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 74:737-766.
60. SAYERS, J. (2004). Transforming at-one-ment: Speilrein, Jung, Bion. Psychoanalysis & History 6:37-55. SHAMDASANI, S. (2004). Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology: The Dream of a Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
61. SHIELDS, W. (2009). Imaginative literature and Bion's intersubjective theory of thinking. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 78:559-586.
62. SLOCHOWER, H. (1981). Freud as Yahweh in Jung's "Answer to Job." American Imago 38:3-39.
63. STEVENS, V (2010). Bion, Klein, and Freud. In When Theories Touch, ed. S.J. Ellman. London: Karnac Books, pp. 521-540.
64. SULLIVAN, B.S. (2009). The Mystery of Analytical Work: Weavings from Jung and Bion. London: Routledge. SUMMERS, F. (2011). Psychoanalysis: Romantic, not wild. Psychoanalytic Psychology 28:13-32.
65. WILLIAMS, S. (2006). Analytic intuition: A meeting place for Jung and Bion.
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