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Исторический журнал: научные исследования
Правильная ссылка на статью:
Роуни Д.
Новые правила игры? Падение и подъем государственного управления в России через революционный рубеж
// Исторический журнал: научные исследования.
2013. № 6.
С. 510-526.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.6.11657 URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=11657
Новые правила игры? Падение и подъем государственного управления в России через революционный рубеж
Роуни Дон
профессор, кафедра истории, Университет Боулинг Грин, США
USA, OHIO, BGSU
( Bowling Green State University)
2447 SCOTTWOOD AVE
TOLEDO,OHIO 43620
Rowney Don
USA, OHIO, BGSU
( Bowling Green State University)
2447 SCOTTWOOD AVE
TOLEDO,OHIO 43620
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selounsk@yandex.ru
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DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.6.11657
Дата направления статьи в редакцию:
18-12-1969
Дата публикации:
1-4.8-2013
Аннотация:
В статье поставлена задача проанализировать цикличность и преемственность развития государственной власти в России в ХХ в. на примере государственных организаций, созданных большевиками — в первую очередь Совнаркома и ВСНХ. Рассматривая советскую командно-административную систему в сравнении с плановыми институтами царской России и этапы ее эволюции, автор исследует, какие государственные структуры и принципы институционального поведения перешагнули революционный рубеж и тем самым помогли новой политической элите консолидировать политическую власть, необходимую для совершения долгосрочных экономических преобразований. Используется институциональный подход к анализу основных структур государственного управления советской экономикой, а также компаративистская методология для изучения цикличности власти в дореволюционный и советский периоды истории России / СССР. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что путь большевиков к общеэкономическому директивному планированию был постепенным, непрямым и обусловленным как насущными потребностями экономичеcкого развития, так и унаследованными от царской России управленческими традициями. Система централизованной плановой экономики многим обязана сложившейся еще до революции 1917 г. системе государственного управления. Не подвергая сомнению различия между двумя режимами, автор указывает на преемственность в структуре и ментальности экономической модели управления.
Ключевые слова:
история, Российское государство, государственная экономика, национальная экономика, государственные организации, система управления, политика большевиков, нео-институциональная теория, Совнарком, ВСНХ
Библиография
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35. Lewin, Moshe. Political Undercurrents in Soviet Economic Debates. From Bukharin to the Modern Reformers. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.
36. Lih L. T. Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914–1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
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38. Malle S. The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918–1921. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
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43. O nekotorykh merakh k obezpecheniiu toplivom uchrezhdenii armii i flota i putei soobshcheniia a ravno chastnykh predpriiatii, rabotaiushchikh dlia tselei gosudarstvennoi oborony // Sobranie uzakonenii. St. 865 (31 March, 1915); O rasprostranenii polnomochii, prisvoennykh Ministru Putei Soobshcheniia Imennym Vysochaishim Ukazom 4ogo Marta 1915 goda, na dela po obezpecheniiu toplivom gosudarstvennykh i obshchestvennykh uchrezhdenii // Sobraniie uzakonenii. St. 1091 (2 May, 1915); O predostavlenii Ministru Torgovli i Promyshlennosti osobykh polnomochii po obshchemy rukovodstvu prodovol'stvennym delom v Imperii // Sobrannie uzakonenii. St. 1169 (19 May, 1915); Ob utverzhdenii pravil o poriadke i usloviiakh raspredeleniia tverdago mineral'nago topliva mezhdu potrebiteliami // Sobraniie uzakonenii. St. 1215 (29 May, 1915); Ob utverzhdenii polozheniia ob osobom soveshchanii dlia ob'edineniia meropriatii po obezpecheniiu deistvuiushchei armii predmetami boevogo i material'nago snabzheniia // Sobraniie uzakonenii. St. 1280 (7 June, 1915).
44. O roli pravitel’stva i chastnoi initsiativy v dele ustroistva, oborudovaniia i eksploatatsii nashikh torgovykh portov. I. Doklad Inzhenera V. E. Timonova and II. Doklad Inzhenera N. I. Vosnesenskogo // Izvestiia Sobraniia Inzhenerov Putei Soobshcheniia. 1892. No. 1 (January). P. 13–24.
45. People’s Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs, Perepis’ rabotnikov sviazi, 27 inavaria 1927 goda. Moscow: Press of the Peoples Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs, 1929.
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47. Preobrazhenskii E. A. Novaia ekonomika. Opyt teoreticheskogo analiza sovetskogo khoziaistva. Moscow: Press of the Communist Academy, 1926.
48. Preobrazhenskii E. A. The Crisis of Soviet Industrialization. Selected Essays. Ed. with an Introduction by Donald A. Filtzer. White Plains, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1979.
49. Remington, Thomas F. Building Socialism in Bolshevik Russia. Ideology and Industrial Organization, 1917–1921. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984.
50. Rigby T. H. Lenin’s Government: Sovnarkom 1917–1922. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
51. Rosenberg W. G. Social Mediation and State Construction(s) in Revolutionary Russia // Social History. V. 19. No 2 (May, 1994).
52. Rowney D. K. Narrating the Russian Revolution: Institutionalism and Continuity across Regime Change // Comparative Study of Society and History. V. 47. January 2005. P. 79–105.
53. Rowney D. K. The Scope, Authority, and Personnel of the New Industrial Commissariats, 1928–1936 // Social Dimensions of Soviet Industrialization / W. G. Rosenberg, L. Siegelbaum (eds.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. P. 124–145.
54. Rowney D. K. Transition to Technocracy. The Structural Origins of the Soviet Administrative State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
55. Siegelbaum L. H. The Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia, 1914–1917: a Study of the War-Industry Committees. New York: St. Martin’s, 1983.
56. Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions. A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
57. Smolinski, Leon. Grinevetskii and Soviet Industrialisation // Survey. 1968. No 67.
58. Stanziani, Alessandro Statisticiens, zemstva et état dans la Russie des années 1880 //Cahiers du Monde Russe et Sovietique. 1991. 32, 4. P. 445–467.
59. Sultanov F. Ob ustroistve pod”ezdnyikh putei i portov v oblastiiakh, primykaiushchikh s iuzhnoi chasti Kaspiiskago moriia // Izvestiia Sobraniia Inzhenerov Putei Soobshcheniia. 1900. No. 7. P. 129–136.
60. Trotsky L. My Life. An Attempt at an Autobiography. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1960.
61. Trotsky L. Towards Socialism or Capitalism? / Trans. R. S. Townsend and Z. Vengerova. London: Methuen, 1926.
62. Vasiaev V. I. et al. Dannye perepisi sluzhashchikh 1922 g. Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 1962.
63. Vincenti, Walter. What Engineers Know and How They Know It. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991
64. Zaionchkovskii P. A. Samoderzhavie i russkaia armiia na rubezhe XIX–XX stoletii. Moscow: Mysl', 1973.
65. Zvezdin Z. K. Ot plana GOELRO k planu pervoi piatiletki. Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
References
1. Alchon, Guy. The Invisible Hand of Planning: Capitalism, Social Science and the State in the 1920s. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.
2. Arkhipova T. G., Rumiantseva M. F., Senin A. S. Istoriia gosudarstvennoi sluzhby v Rossii. XVIII—XX veka. Moscow: Russian State Humanities University, 2001.
3. Bailes, Kendall E. Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin. Origins of the Soviet Technical Intelligentsia, 1917–1941. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.
4. Ballod, Karl. Gosudarstvo budushchago: proizvodstvo i potreblenie v sotsial’nom gosudarstve /S predisloviem K. Kautskago. St. Petersburg, 1906.
5. Bennett, Andrew and George, Alexander L. Case Studies and Process Tracing in History and Political Science: Similar Strokes for Different Foci // Bridges and Boundaries. Historians, Political Scientists, and the Study of International Relations / Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman, eds. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1991.
6. Carr, Edward Hallett. The Russian Revolution from Lenin to Stalin, 1917–1929. London: Macmillan, 1979.
7. Carr, Edward Hallett. The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–1923.New York: Norton, 1952. V. 2.
8. Cohen, Stephen F. Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.
9. Cohen, Stephen F. Rethinking the Soviet Experience. Politics and History since 1917. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
10. Coopersmith, Jonathan. The Electrification of Russia, 1880–1926. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.
11. Day, Richard B. Leon Trotsky and the Politics of Economic Isolation. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
12. Deutscher, Isaac. The Prophet Unarmed. Trotsky: 1921–1929. New York: Vintage, 1965.
13. Drobizhev V. Z. Glavnyi shtab sotsialisticheskoi promyshlennosti. Moscow: Mysl’, 1966.
14. Erlich, Alexander. The Soviet Industrialization Debate,1924–1928. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1960.
15. Ferro M. Révolution et totalitarianisme. La naissance du système bureaucratique en U.R.S.S. // Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 31e année. No 1. 1976.
16. Figes O., Kolonitskii B. Interpreting the Russian Revolution. The Language and Symbols of 1917. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
17. Gatrell P. A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
18. Graziosi, Andrea. Building the First System of State Industry in History. Piatakov’s VSNKh and the Crisis of the NEP, 1923–1926 // Cahiers du Monde Rousse et Sovietique. 1991. 22, 4 (October–December). P. 539–580.
19. Grinevetskii V. I. Poslevoennye perspektivy Russkoi promyshlenosti. Second edition, Moscow: Press of the All-Russian Central Union of Consumer Societies, 1922. (The first edition: Kharkov, 1919).
20. Guroff, Gregory. State and Industrialization in Russian Economic Thought, 1909–1914. Princeton: Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University (1970).
21. Husband, William Benjamin. The Nationalization of the Textile Industry of Soviet Russia, 1917–1920. Princeton University, PhD dissertation, 1984.
22. Jasny, Naum. Soviet Economists of the Twenties. Names to be Remembered. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1972.
23. K istorii plana elektrifikatsii Sovetskoi Strany. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov, 1918–1920 gg. / Ed. I. A. Gladkov. Reprint of the 1923 publication. Moscow: State Press for Political Literature, 1952.
24. Kafengauz L. B. Sindikaty v Rossii // Evoliutsiia promyshlennogo proizvodstva Rossii (posledniaia tret’ XIX v. — 30-e gody XX v.). Ed. L. B. Kafengauz. Moscow, 1994.
25. Kaufman A. The History and Development of the Official Russian Statistics // The History of Statistics. Their Development and Progress in Many Countries / John Koren, ed. New York: Franklin, (1918; reprint, 1970). P. 469–534.
26. Kenez, Peter. The Birth of the Propaganda State. Soviet Method of Mass mobilization, 1917–1929. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
27. Kotkin, Stephen. 1991 and the Russian Revolution: Sources, Conceptual Categories, Analytic Frameworks // Journal of Modern History. V. 70 (June 1998). P. 384–425.
28. Laverychev V. Ia. Gosudarstvo i monopolii v dorevoliutsionnoi Rossii. Moscow: Mysl’, 1982.
29. Laverychev V. Ia. Zarozhdenie gosudarstvenno-monopolisticheskikh tendentsii v rossiskoi ekonomike kontsa XIX v. // Istoricheskie zapiski Akademii Nauk SSSR. V. 109. Moscow, 1983.
30. Lenin V. I. Our Foreign and Domestic Position and Party Tasks (November 21, 1920) // Collected Works. 4th English Edition. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1965. V.
31. Lenin V. I. The Impending Catastrophe and How to Combat It // Lenin’s Economic Writings / Meghnad Desai ed. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International, 1989.
32. Leontief, Wassily. The Decline and Rise of Soviet Economic Science // Foreign Affairs. 1960. V. 38. No. 2 (January). P. 261–272.
33. Leontief, Wassily. The Balance of the Economy of the USSR. (A Methodological Analysis of the Work of the Central Statistical Administration) // Essays in Economics. Theories, Facts and Policies. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1977. V. 2.
34. Lewin, Moshe. N. I. Boukharine: Ses idées sur la planification économique et leur actualité // Cahiers du Monde Russe et Sovietique. 1972. 13, 4. P. 481–501.
35. Lewin, Moshe. Political Undercurrents in Soviet Economic Debates. From Bukharin to the Modern Reformers. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.
36. Lih L. T. Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914–1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
37. Littlejohn, Gary. The Agrarian Marxist Research in its Political Context: State Policy and the Development of the Soviet Rural Class Structure in the 1920s // Journal of Peasant Studies. 1984. No 11, 1. P. 61–84.
38. Malle S. The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918–1921. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
39. Materials for a Balance of the Soviet National Economy, 1928–1930 / S. G. Wheatcroft and R. W. Davies, eds. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
40. Mespoulet, Martine. Statistique et révolution en Russie. Un compromis impossible (1880–1950). Rennes: Presses Universitaire de Rennes, 2001.
41. Miliutin, Vladimir P. The Economic Organisation of Soviet Russia: a Brief Sketch of the Organisation and the Present Situation of Industry in Russia. London: Communist Party of Great Britain, 1920.
42. Morozov L. F., Portnov V. P. Nachal’nyi etap v osushchestvlenii Leninskikh idei o gosudarstvennom kontrole // Voprosy Istorii KPSS. 1979. N 11. P. 33–44;
43. O nekotorykh merakh k obezpecheniiu toplivom uchrezhdenii armii i flota i putei soobshcheniia a ravno chastnykh predpriiatii, rabotaiushchikh dlia tselei gosudarstvennoi oborony // Sobranie uzakonenii. St. 865 (31 March, 1915); O rasprostranenii polnomochii, prisvoennykh Ministru Putei Soobshcheniia Imennym Vysochaishim Ukazom 4ogo Marta 1915 goda, na dela po obezpecheniiu toplivom gosudarstvennykh i obshchestvennykh uchrezhdenii // Sobraniie uzakonenii. St. 1091 (2 May, 1915); O predostavlenii Ministru Torgovli i Promyshlennosti osobykh polnomochii po obshchemy rukovodstvu prodovol'stvennym delom v Imperii // Sobrannie uzakonenii. St. 1169 (19 May, 1915); Ob utverzhdenii pravil o poriadke i usloviiakh raspredeleniia tverdago mineral'nago topliva mezhdu potrebiteliami // Sobraniie uzakonenii. St. 1215 (29 May, 1915); Ob utverzhdenii polozheniia ob osobom soveshchanii dlia ob'edineniia meropriatii po obezpecheniiu deistvuiushchei armii predmetami boevogo i material'nago snabzheniia // Sobraniie uzakonenii. St. 1280 (7 June, 1915).
44. O roli pravitel’stva i chastnoi initsiativy v dele ustroistva, oborudovaniia i eksploatatsii nashikh torgovykh portov. I. Doklad Inzhenera V. E. Timonova and II. Doklad Inzhenera N. I. Vosnesenskogo // Izvestiia Sobraniia Inzhenerov Putei Soobshcheniia. 1892. No. 1 (January). P. 13–24.
45. People’s Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs, Perepis’ rabotnikov sviazi, 27 inavaria 1927 goda. Moscow: Press of the Peoples Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs, 1929.
46. Porter, Bruce D. War and the Rise of the State. The Military Foundations of Modern Politics. New York: Free Press, 1994.
47. Preobrazhenskii E. A. Novaia ekonomika. Opyt teoreticheskogo analiza sovetskogo khoziaistva. Moscow: Press of the Communist Academy, 1926.
48. Preobrazhenskii E. A. The Crisis of Soviet Industrialization. Selected Essays. Ed. with an Introduction by Donald A. Filtzer. White Plains, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1979.
49. Remington, Thomas F. Building Socialism in Bolshevik Russia. Ideology and Industrial Organization, 1917–1921. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984.
50. Rigby T. H. Lenin’s Government: Sovnarkom 1917–1922. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
51. Rosenberg W. G. Social Mediation and State Construction(s) in Revolutionary Russia // Social History. V. 19. No 2 (May, 1994).
52. Rowney D. K. Narrating the Russian Revolution: Institutionalism and Continuity across Regime Change // Comparative Study of Society and History. V. 47. January 2005. P. 79–105.
53. Rowney D. K. The Scope, Authority, and Personnel of the New Industrial Commissariats, 1928–1936 // Social Dimensions of Soviet Industrialization / W. G. Rosenberg, L. Siegelbaum (eds.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. P. 124–145.
54. Rowney D. K. Transition to Technocracy. The Structural Origins of the Soviet Administrative State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
55. Siegelbaum L. H. The Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia, 1914–1917: a Study of the War-Industry Committees. New York: St. Martin’s, 1983.
56. Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions. A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
57. Smolinski, Leon. Grinevetskii and Soviet Industrialisation // Survey. 1968. No 67.
58. Stanziani, Alessandro Statisticiens, zemstva et état dans la Russie des années 1880 //Cahiers du Monde Russe et Sovietique. 1991. 32, 4. P. 445–467.
59. Sultanov F. Ob ustroistve pod”ezdnyikh putei i portov v oblastiiakh, primykaiushchikh s iuzhnoi chasti Kaspiiskago moriia // Izvestiia Sobraniia Inzhenerov Putei Soobshcheniia. 1900. No. 7. P. 129–136.
60. Trotsky L. My Life. An Attempt at an Autobiography. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1960.
61. Trotsky L. Towards Socialism or Capitalism? / Trans. R. S. Townsend and Z. Vengerova. London: Methuen, 1926.
62. Vasiaev V. I. et al. Dannye perepisi sluzhashchikh 1922 g. Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 1962.
63. Vincenti, Walter. What Engineers Know and How They Know It. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991
64. Zaionchkovskii P. A. Samoderzhavie i russkaia armiia na rubezhe XIX–XX stoletii. Moscow: Mysl', 1973.
65. Zvezdin Z. K. Ot plana GOELRO k planu pervoi piatiletki. Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
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