DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.3.11602

Аннотация: В статье анализируются различные вопросы толкования Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982г., которые вставали перед Международным трибуналом по морскому праву в ходе рассмотрения дел о незамедлительном освобождении задержанных судов и их экипажей. Основная часть исследуемого вопроса изучается на базе судебной практики Международного трибунала по морскому праву. Выявляются основные тенденции судебной практики Международного трибунала по морскому праву, нововведения и правотворчество этого судебного органа в отношении вопросов незамедлительного освобождения задержанных судов и их экипажей. Рассмотрены вопросы: конфискации (рыболовецкого судна в деле о незаконной ловле в исключительной экономической зоне); залога и прочего материального обеспечения; оснований для задержания иностранных судов в исключительной экономической зоне; процессуальные вопросы, касающиеся приемлемости иска Международным трибуналом по морскому праву (а именно: наличие реальной связи между судном и защищающим государством; необходимость исчерпания местных средств правовой защиты; наличие достаточных доказательств).

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2014.2.11623

Аннотация: ITLOS case study shows that it strongly contributed to the development of the international law of the sea. Author considers such cases that allowed ITLOS to contribute to the provisions regarding preservation and protection of the marine environment, delimitation of the maritime boundary and responsibilities of the States. The author affirms that Tribunal contributed to progressive development of the law of the See. In its practical activity ITLOS has already made much for the development of the international law of the sea, especially in determination of those institutes and concepts, which were not clearly enough provided for in the Convention. The most demonstrative in this respect is the realization of the competence of prompt release of vessels which is quite new for judicial procedure. In realizing this competence ITLOS had to interpret and concretize many articles of the Convention, especially as to the grounds for detention of foreign vessels in the EEZ and other areas of national jurisdiction; cleared up such an important rule of national law as the amount of financial security for a release of a ship: the rule is borne by international law and being common for many national systems became actually a general principle of law.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2014.1.11622

Аннотация: Ways and methods used by ITLOS in the process of interpretation of the law of sea are discussed in the article. ITLOS elaborated a number of rules, in particular, those concerning grounds for detention of foreign vessels in the EEZ, correlation between municipal law and international law, bond or other financial security, question of confiscation, connection between the ship and the flag state. The ITLOS case law is analyzed. Author studies such cases as Juno Trader” “Saiga” “Hoshinmaru” and others. Particular topics that are subject of the study are: Grounds for detention of foreign vessels in the exclusive economic zone; bond or other financial security as well as the question of confiscation (of the haul in fisheries cases for exemple); and finally the questions of the connection between the ship and the flag state.